Apparatus for gasifying combustible organic substances



Feb. 13, 1934. F. l. E. STENFORS 1,946,817

APPARATUS FOR GASIFYING COMBUST IBLE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES Filed Jan. 31. 1930 ZSheets-Sheet Imnn 1 {If/l I 20 Ea r I m "i 23 I? 2; /g

w llllm "FD A r 111/] v /e INVENTOR Froms IE. js'ienfores ATTORNEYS Feb. 13, 1934. E s o s 1,946,817

APPARATUS FOR GAS'IFYING COMBUSTIBLE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES Filed Jan. 51, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Frans [E Sfirzf0r BY M ATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 13, 1934 APPARATUS FOR GASIFYING COMBUSTIBLE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES Frans Ivar Eugn Stenfors, Stockholm, Sweden Application January 31, 1930, Serial No. 424,902, and in Sweden February 13, 1929 8 Claims. (Cl. 158-53) The present invention relates to a liquid burner provided with a casing including separate fuel and air supply conduits. The burner is especially adapted to be connected to stoves, ranges or other fire places in such manner as to produce an intensive flame which serves to give the requisite heat to the fire place.

This burner differs from other burners of the art known before in several respects of which the following one may be mentioned as a main feature. A cylindrical combustion chamber mounted in the casing and surrounded by the conduits, one of them being selected to constitute a gasifying conduit, is rotatable in said casing to bring all conduits successively into communication with the fuel supply conduit when the remaining conduits are still in communication with an air preheating chamber in the casing.

An object of my invention is to prevent losses in the form of unburnt gas leaving through the funnel or in the form of accumulation of soot and coke in the fire place or the smoke canals, further to prevent formation of coke, pitch or the like as a result of cracking in the burner.

Another object is to make itpossible to use oils of all kinds containing only organical substances in my burner without risk of ungasified oil entering the fire place.

A further object is to arrange the burner in such, a manner that the liquid fuel may be introduced into the burner by its gravity and the combustion air introduced under atmospheric pressure only, in order to reduce the driving cost.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in Which:

Figure 1 is a section along the longitudinal axis of the apparatus.

Figure 2 is the same apparatus in front view,

and Figure 3 is a section 33 in Figure 1.

In Figure 1 the combustion chamber indicated by 1, is conical and has its broad end 2 adjacent the fire-place and its narrow end adjacent the mixing chamber 3.

'* 4 indicates the conduit for preheating the gas or for gasifying and preheating fuel oil or the like. 5 to 11 indicate conduits for preheating of air. 12 is an outer preheating chamber inside the burner casing 12* where a preliminary preheating of the air takes place. 13 indicates air inlet openings located in a circular flange 12 in the casing 12 and 14 is a turnable cover plate, forming a ring segment and provided with openings l3 corresponding to the openings 13. By putting into different positions said plate lets through differently large quantities of air to the chamber 12. 14 indicates a ring for carrying the cover plate 14. This ring is fixed by means ofscrews 14*. The turning takes place by the handle 15. 16 is the supply pipe for oil or gas. 17 is a drop nozzle inserted into a transversal threaded hole 17 in front of the mouth 143 of the oil conduit 16. Said hole is closed by a screw plug 17. The wall 1 of the combustion chamber 1, the walls 3 of the mixing chamber, the walls 4* of the oil and air conduits and the front wall 20 are combined in one body, which is carried at both ends by the flanges 12 and 12 and is turnable around its axis by means of a hand wheel 18 which is fixed to said body by bolts 19.

For inspection and cleaning of the mixing chamber and the combustion chamber there is placed in the rotatable body in front of the mixing chamber an inspection shutter 20, which may be removed when necessary but is provided with a hole 20 so that inspection of the combustion may take place without removing. The shutter is provided with a ring handle 30 fixed to the shutter by means of bolts 31. The preheating chamber extends through openings 21 in the flange 12 and a space 22 in direct connection with the mouth of the combustion chamber to wards the fire-place. On the lowest point of the preheating chamber there is a cavity 23 having the form of a groove, said cavity opening towards a conduit 24 with an outlet 24 for oil which may flow down. 24 indicates a screw plug by which the lower end of the conduit 24 is closed. Y

The apparatus according to the present invention works in the following manner:

Fuel oil, tar or the like enters through the conduit 16, drops or flows from the nozzle 17 down into the gasifying conduit 4. By heat which is supplied to the bottom of the conduit from the combustion chamber 1 boiling and distillation take place of the oil flowing on the bottom of the conduit 4, so that combustible gases are formed. These gases flow from the conduit 4 into the mixing chamber 3 where the gases are mixed with air coming from the air conduits 5, 6, '7, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Said air enters through openings 13 in the preheating chamber 12 and then through a number of openings into said preheating conduits 5 to 11. The number of inlet openings shown in Fig. 2 is independent of the number of air preheating conduits, since the same lead to the common air preheating chamber 12 within the casing. In the latter a strong heating of the air takes place by heat radiation from the walls 11.0

1 and 4 of the conduits. Finally the air reaches the mixing chamber and is mixed with gases in the manner already stated.

The gas and air mixture then enters the combustion chamber 1 where combustion occurs. In certain cases it is suitable to supply only part of the air entering through the openings 13 as primary air in the manner mentioned above and the rest as secondary air through the openings 21 and the space 22. Even the latter air current becomes strongly preheated partly in the preheating chamber 12, partly in the space 22, in the latter place by radiating heat from the fire place.

When the apparatus has worked for some time in the above mentioned manner pitch and coke deposits have been formed in the canal 4. The rotatable body is then turned so far that for instance the conduit 5 arrives before the nozzle 1'7 of the oil supply, and the conduits 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 4 enter into communication with the preheating chamber 12. Thus the coke and pitch deposit previously formed in the conduit 4 will combust. When turning occurs the next time the conduit 6 will serve as gasifying canal and the conduits 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4 and 5 as preheating conduits. As soon as the deposits in the conduit used for the vaporizing have become so large that there is a risk for choking-up the rotatable body is turned some distance. This turning may be carried out continuously by means of a suitable machinery known per se or also intermittently.

In the apparatus here described the number of conduits amounts to 8 in all. During of the time of rotation a canal is subjected to oil and during M; to air. Of course the number of the conduits may be varied. The essential feature is that the coke, pitch and tar, touched by the heated air, will combust completely so that the conduit after having rotated one turn is quite liberated from such substances.

If during the preheating time or during the run too much oil is supplied, or if the flame on account of some reason or other should go out it may occur that the oil is not completely gasifled. In such a case the oil flows from the canal 4 into the canal 8 and thence to the bottom of the preheating chamber 12. Here the oil collects in the groove 23 and leaves the apparatus through the outlet conduit 24. The oil thus flowing out may be collected in a receptacle of suitable construction, this receptacle being very easily provided with a float-valve, which when the oil quantity in the receptacle is increased actuates a valve in the supply conduit so that the supply of oil is cut 01f.

Should some oil on account of the strong draught be carried with the air into the combustion room 1 this oil also will flow down through the canal 22 and the holes 21 into the outlet 24. Thus it is impossible for the oil when using an apparatus of the construction described either to enter into the fire place ungasified or to fiow out on the floor in the room wherethe apparatus is located.

Figures 4 and 5 show a modification of the inspection shutter viewed partly in section, partly in front View. In this case the shutter 20 is provided with mica or a glass window 20 thus allowing the aspect of the flame to beobserved.

Figures 6 and '7 show another modification of the shutter 20. In the middle of the shutter there is located an injector nozzle 20 for air, steam and the like pressed through a tube 20. The purpose of this is that the air or steam jet by means of injector influence shall improve the draught if so is necessary in certain cases.

The apparatus described above is, as has been already pointed out, only to look upon as an embodiment of the invention. Other embodiments may be thought without leaving the principle of the invention. Thus the preheating chamber may very well change place so that the preheating chamber will be centrally situated.

Even other embodiments falling within the scope of the invention may be thought.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A liquid or gaseous fuel burner comprising a cylindrical casing having an annular air preheating chamber confined therein, a cylindrical combustion chamber coaxially mounted in the casing, a mixing chamber at the inner end of the combustion chamber, said combustion chamber having a burner mouth extending inwardly to the mixing chamber, air preheating conduits extending longitudinally of the combustion chamber, one which is selective to constitute a gasifying conduit, a fuel supply conduit adapted to communicate with the conduit selected as the gasifying conduit, said combustion chamber being rotatable in the casing to bring all conduits successively into communication with the fuel supply conduit, the remaining conduits being in communication with the preheating chamber.

2. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating chamber is provided with openings opening to atmosphere, a movable cover plate, said cover plate being adjustable and having openings therein, whereby the openings will cooperate with the openings of the preheating chamber to regulate the supply of air into the preheating chamber.

3. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein holes are provided in the casing to afford communication between the preheating chamber and the combustion chamber, said holes being disposed at a distance remote from the mixing chamber.

4. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preheating chamber is in communi cation with the atmosphere through controllable openings.

5. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein an injector nozzle is mounted adjacent to and discharges into the mixing chamber to create suction in all the conduits of the combustion chamber.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the combustion chamber has a restricted end I constituting the mixing chamber.

7. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preheating chamber is provided with an outlet for the discharge of liquid flowing from the conduit selected as a gasifying conduit.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fuel supply conduit has its discharge end disposed above the conduit selected for gasifying the fuel.

FRANS IVAR EUGEN STENFORS. 

